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Control Phase Angle of BLDC Motor via Hall Sensor
Judgement of the BLDC phase angle
The BLDC phase angle is an abbreviation for the phase position algebraic angle of the BLDC motor. It refers the angle of coils of the BLDC motor in one electricity cycle after the current direction within the coil changes. The electric vehicle usually adopts two phase algebraic angles for the BLDC motor, namely 120° and 60°.
Judgment of the BLDC phase angle according to observation of the Hall sensor' installation position: The installation position of the Hall sensor with the phase angle of 120° and 60° is different. The alignment of three Hall sensor with the BLDC motor whose phase angle is 60° is the same. However, the Hall component in the middle of the electric motor whose phase angle is 120° should be installed by inversion of 180°.
The BLDC Hall sensor have five wires, including the public power source anode of Hall sensor, public power source cathode, A-phase Hall output, B-phase Hall output, and C-phase Hall output. We can make use of the five Hall leads of the BLDC controller (either 60° or 120°) to connect the negative and positive power source on the Hall sensor' lead of the BLDC motor. Connect the lead of the remaining three phase sensors, namely A, B and C, arbitrarily to the Hall signal lead of the BLDC motor controller. Power on the controller, and the controller will provide power for Hall sensor for detection of the BLDC motor.
The method is as below: Adopt the +20V DC voltage gear of the multimeter. Use the black meter pen to connect the ground wire and the red meter to measure the voltage of the three leads. Take down the high-low voltage of the three leads. Gently rotate the electric motor, and let the electric motor rotate by the minimum magnetic pull angle. Following that, measure and take down the high-low voltage of three leads again. Measure it for six times repeatedly. Use 1 to indicate the high potential and 0 to indicate the low potential. Then, if the BLDC motor is adopted, continuously rotate six minimum magnetic relay angle. Then, the Hall's Truth Value measured out should be 100, 110, 111, 011, 001, and 000. Adjust the pin sequence changes of the three Hall sensor' leads. In this way, the phase position of A, B, and C of the BLDC motor with the phase angle of 60°can be judged.
If the BLDC motor with the phase angle of 120° is adopted, then continuously rotate by six minimum magnetic pull angles, and the Hall truth-value signal measured out should change in accordance with the rule of 100, 110, 010, 001, and 101, respectively. In this way, the electrification sequence of the Hall sensor' lead can be judged.
Default phase of the BLDC motor
The BLDC motor's default phase is usually caused by damage of Hall sensor. We can measure the resistance of the Hall sensor's output leads against the Hall ground electrode and relative Hall power source lead, and use the comparison method to judge which Hall component is in fault.
In order to ensure precision of the electric motor's phase-shift position, it is suggested that the three Hall sensor should be changed at the same time. Before change of the Hall sensor, it should be clarified that whether the phase algebraic angle of the electric motor is 120°or 60°. Generally, the displaying position of three Hall sensor with the phase angle of 60°is parallel to each other. In terms of the electric motor with the 120° phase angle, the Hall component in the middle of the three Hall sensor should be reversed by 180°before its placement.
Default phase of the brushless DC motor controller
Default of the master phase of the brushless DC motor controller can be detected by the racing troubleshooting of the brush controller, which can help clarify whether the MOS tube is penetrated through. If the MOS tube of the BLDC Motor controller is penetrated through, one pair of MOS tubes—the upper one and the lower one—of certain phase position will be penetrated through at the same time. Therefore, if either one of MOS tubes requires changing, they should be changed at the same time.
Hall sensor'default phase of wireless controller is mainly reflected as the controller's failure to recognize the electric motor's Hall signals. Below is the method to detect the default phase:
Unplug the Hall lead of the controller and brushless DC electric motor. When the controller is electrified, adopt the DC voltage gear of the multimeter, and put the black meter pen close to the black wire of the Hall lead of the controller. Use the red meter pen to measure other Hall leads of the controller, and the voltage should be more than 5V. Otherwise, it means that the internal Hall output circuit of the controller might have faults. By measuring the filter capacitor of the Hall lead and the corresponding pin of the master control chip, we can further judge the fault position. Exchange of the filter capacitance or the master control chip can address the default phase.
The BLDC phase angle is an abbreviation for the phase position algebraic angle of the BLDC motor. It refers the angle of coils of the BLDC motor in one electricity cycle after the current direction within the coil changes. The electric vehicle usually adopts two phase algebraic angles for the BLDC motor, namely 120° and 60°.
Judgment of the BLDC phase angle according to observation of the Hall sensor' installation position: The installation position of the Hall sensor with the phase angle of 120° and 60° is different. The alignment of three Hall sensor with the BLDC motor whose phase angle is 60° is the same. However, the Hall component in the middle of the electric motor whose phase angle is 120° should be installed by inversion of 180°.
The BLDC Hall sensor have five wires, including the public power source anode of Hall sensor, public power source cathode, A-phase Hall output, B-phase Hall output, and C-phase Hall output. We can make use of the five Hall leads of the BLDC controller (either 60° or 120°) to connect the negative and positive power source on the Hall sensor' lead of the BLDC motor. Connect the lead of the remaining three phase sensors, namely A, B and C, arbitrarily to the Hall signal lead of the BLDC motor controller. Power on the controller, and the controller will provide power for Hall sensor for detection of the BLDC motor.
The method is as below: Adopt the +20V DC voltage gear of the multimeter. Use the black meter pen to connect the ground wire and the red meter to measure the voltage of the three leads. Take down the high-low voltage of the three leads. Gently rotate the electric motor, and let the electric motor rotate by the minimum magnetic pull angle. Following that, measure and take down the high-low voltage of three leads again. Measure it for six times repeatedly. Use 1 to indicate the high potential and 0 to indicate the low potential. Then, if the BLDC motor is adopted, continuously rotate six minimum magnetic relay angle. Then, the Hall's Truth Value measured out should be 100, 110, 111, 011, 001, and 000. Adjust the pin sequence changes of the three Hall sensor' leads. In this way, the phase position of A, B, and C of the BLDC motor with the phase angle of 60°can be judged.
If the BLDC motor with the phase angle of 120° is adopted, then continuously rotate by six minimum magnetic pull angles, and the Hall truth-value signal measured out should change in accordance with the rule of 100, 110, 010, 001, and 101, respectively. In this way, the electrification sequence of the Hall sensor' lead can be judged.
Default phase of the BLDC motor
The BLDC motor's default phase is usually caused by damage of Hall sensor. We can measure the resistance of the Hall sensor's output leads against the Hall ground electrode and relative Hall power source lead, and use the comparison method to judge which Hall component is in fault.
In order to ensure precision of the electric motor's phase-shift position, it is suggested that the three Hall sensor should be changed at the same time. Before change of the Hall sensor, it should be clarified that whether the phase algebraic angle of the electric motor is 120°or 60°. Generally, the displaying position of three Hall sensor with the phase angle of 60°is parallel to each other. In terms of the electric motor with the 120° phase angle, the Hall component in the middle of the three Hall sensor should be reversed by 180°before its placement.
Default phase of the brushless DC motor controller
Default of the master phase of the brushless DC motor controller can be detected by the racing troubleshooting of the brush controller, which can help clarify whether the MOS tube is penetrated through. If the MOS tube of the BLDC Motor controller is penetrated through, one pair of MOS tubes—the upper one and the lower one—of certain phase position will be penetrated through at the same time. Therefore, if either one of MOS tubes requires changing, they should be changed at the same time.
Hall sensor'default phase of wireless controller is mainly reflected as the controller's failure to recognize the electric motor's Hall signals. Below is the method to detect the default phase:
Unplug the Hall lead of the controller and brushless DC electric motor. When the controller is electrified, adopt the DC voltage gear of the multimeter, and put the black meter pen close to the black wire of the Hall lead of the controller. Use the red meter pen to measure other Hall leads of the controller, and the voltage should be more than 5V. Otherwise, it means that the internal Hall output circuit of the controller might have faults. By measuring the filter capacitor of the Hall lead and the corresponding pin of the master control chip, we can further judge the fault position. Exchange of the filter capacitance or the master control chip can address the default phase.
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